URINE TEST

		URINE	TESTS
S.NO	TEST	SAMPLE	NORMAL VALUES	CLINICAL IMPLICATION
1	AMMONIA NITROGEN	24 HOUR	20—70 mEq/l	VALUES INCREASE IN DIABETES MELLITUS; VALUES DECREASE IN LIVER DISEASES.
2	AMYLASE	2 HOUR	35—260 SOMOGYI UNITS/HOUR	VALUES INCREASE IN PANCREATITIS AND CHOLEDOCHOLETHIASIS.
3	BILIRUBIN	RANDOM	NEGATIVE	VALUES INCREASE IN LIVER DISEASES AND OBSTRUCTIVE BILIARY DISEASE .
4	BLOOD OCCULT	RANDOM	NEGATIVE	VALUES INCREASE IN RENAL DISEASE, EXTENSIVE BRUNS, TRANSFUSION RECATIONS, AND HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA.
5	CALCIUM	RANDOM 24 HOUR AVERAGE DIET LOW Ca DIET HIGH Ca DIET	10mg/dl 100—240mg/24hour 150 mg/24hour 240—300 mg/24hour	VALUES INCREASE IN HYPERPARATHYRODISM, METASTATIC MALIGNANCIES, AND PRIMARY CANCER OF BREAST AND LUNGS , VALUES DECREASE IN HYPOPARATHYRODISM AND VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY.
6	EPITHELIAL	24HOUR	OCCASIONAL	VALUES INCREASE IN NEPHROSIS AND HEAVY METAL POISONING.
7	GRANULAR HYLAINE	24 HOUR	OCCASIONAL	VALUES INCREASE IN NEPHRITIS AND PYELONEPHRITIS.
8	RED BLOOD CELL	24 HOUR	OCCASIONAL	VALUES INCREASE IN PYLONEPHRITIS, KIDNEY STONE , AND CYSTITIS.
9	WHITE BLOOD CELL	24 HOUR	OCCASIONAL	VALUES INCREASE IN KIDNEY INFECTION.
10	CHLORIDE Cl	24HOUR	140—250 mEq/24hr	VALUES INCREASE IN ADDISON’S DISEASES, DEHYDRATION, AND STARVATION,; VALUES DECREASE IN PYLORIC OBSTRACTION, DIRRHEA, AND EMPHYSEMA.
11	COLOR	RANDOM	YELLOW, STRAW, AMBER	VARIES WITH MANY DISEASE STATES , HYDRATION AND DIET,
12	CONCENTRATION TEST	RANDOM AND AFTER RESTRICTION	Sp. Gravity; 1.025 OSMOLALITY; 850 mOsm/l	VALUES DECREASE IN RENAL DISEASE , HYPERPARATHYRODISM , AND BONE DISEASE .
13	CREATININE	24 HOUR	MALE; 1.0—2.0g/24hr FEMALE; 0.8—1.8g/24hr	VALUES INCREASE IN INFECTION , VALUES DECREASE IN MUSCULAR ATROPHY, ANEMIA, AND KIDNEY DISEASES.
14	GLUCOSE	RANDOM	NEGATIVE	VALUES INCREASE IN DIABETES MELLITUS, BRAIN INJURY, AND MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION.
15	HYDROXYCORTI COSTEROIDS	24HOUR	MALE; 5—15 mg/24 hr FEMALE; 2—13mg/24 hr	VALUES INCREASE IN CUSHING’S SYNDROME, BURNS AND INFECTIONS , VALUES DECREASE IN ADDISON’S DISEASE.
16	KETONE BODIES (acetone)	RANDOM	NEGATIVE	VALUES INCREASE IN DIABETIC ACIDOSIS , FEVER, ANOREXIA, FASTING , AND STARVATION.
17	KETOSTEROIDS ( KS )	24 HOUR	MALE; 8—25 mg/24hr FEMALE; 5—15 mg/24 hr	VALUES DECREASE IN SURGERY BURNS, INFECTIONS, ADRENOGENTIAL,SYNDROME, AND CUSHING’S SYNDROME.
18	ODOR	RANDOM	AROMATIC	ACETONELIKE IN DIABETIC KETOSIS.
19	OSMOLALITY	24HOUR	500—800 mOsm/kg water	VALUES INCREASE IN CIRRHOSIS, CONGESTIVE, HEART FAILURE, AND HIGH PROTEIN DIETS , VALUES DECREASE IN ALDOSTERONISM , DIABETES, INSIPIDUS, AND HYPOKALEMIA.
20	PH	RANDOM	4.6—8.0	VALUES INCRESE IN URINAY TRACT INFECTIONS AND SEVERE ALKALOSIS, VALUES DECREASE IN ACIDODIS , EMPHYSEMA., STARVATION, AND DEHYDRATION.
21	PHENYLPYRUVIC ACID	RANDOM	NEGATIVE	VALUES INCREASE IN PHENYLKETONURIA (PKU )
22	POTASSIUM	24HOUR	40—80 mEq/l	VALUES INCREASE IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE, DEHYDTATION, STARVATION , AND CUSHING’S SYNDROME, VALUES DECREASE IN DIARRHEA, MALABSORPTION SYNDROME, AND ADRENAL CORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY.
23	PROTEIN (ALBUMIN )	RANDOM	NEGATIVE	VALUES INCREASE IN NEPHRITIS, FEVER, SEVERE ANEMIAS, TRAUMA,AND HYPERTHYRODISM.
24	SPECIFIC GRAVITY	RANDOM	1.001—1.035 (normal fluid intake ) 1.001—1.035 (range )	VALUES INCREASE IN DIABETES MELLITUS AND EXCESSIVE WATER LOSS, VALUES DECREASE IN ABSENCE OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE ( ADH ) AND SEVERE RENAL DAMAGE.
25	UREA	RANDOM	25—35 g/24 hr	VALUES INCREASE IN RESPONSE TO INCREASE PROTEIN INTAKE, VALUES DECREASE IN IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION.
26	URIC ACID	24 HOUR	0.4—1.0g/24hr	VALUES INCREASE IN GOUT , LEUKEMIA , AND LIVER, DISEASE, VALUES DECREASE IN KIDNEY DISEASE.
27	UROBILINOGEN	2 HOUR	0.3—1.0 Ehrlich units	VALUES INCREASE IN ANEMIAS, HEPATITIS A , (INFECTIONS) BILIRAY DISEASE, AND CIRRHOSIS; VALUES DECREASE IN CHOLELOTHIASIS AND RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.
28	VOLUME TOTAL	24 HOUR	1000—2000 ml/24hr	VARIES WITH MANY FACTOR